Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Clinicopathological Study of Four Cases and a Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a relatively rare tumor. There are no specific diagnostic tests and it is usually diagnosed in advanced stage. Therefore, the prognosis is poor and most patients die. The only proved predisposing factor is chronic irritation of the bladder by urinary infection, calculi and long-term indwelling catheterization. Here we are reviewing the pathologic and clinical characteristics of four consecutive cases of this rare tumor. Three patients were males and the remaining one was female. The median age was 70.1 years (range, 62 - 74 years). Patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. In all the four cases, the diagnosis of bladder SCC was established on the pathologic examination of the resected tissue. Three out of these four patients died within 22 months of the diagnosis of SCC, while the remaining is alive and disease-free 2 years after initial. The aggressive nature of the tumor precludes radical therapy whenever possible, since adjuvant therapy seems to have little effect. World J Nephrol Urol. 2014;3(1):58-62 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14740 / wjnu152w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".