Isolation of<i>Pythium litorale</i>from irrigation ponds used for vegetable production and its pathogenicity on squash
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Irrigation water can harbour propagules of pathogenic oomycetes that may be a primary source of disease outbreak in crop plants. Irrigation ponds associated with vegetable production in southern Georgia, USA, were assessed in this study. Camellia and rhododendron leaves were used as baits for recovery of oomycetes that were further identified by morphological characteristics and analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions. Pythium litorale was frequently isolated from all irrigation ponds sampled. Assessment of growth rates of P. litorale isolates at 5–45 °C indicated that the optimum and maximum temperatures were 30 and 40 °C, respectively. It appeared that these isolates were more tolerant to higher temperatures than previously described P. litorale isolates from Europe that had a maximum growth temperature of 35 °C. Pathogenicity assay with the P. litorale isolates showed that they caused fruit rot and seedling damping-off of yellow squash. Pythium litorale was first described as a new species in 2006 and the present study is the first report indicating it is pathogenic on plants. This study provides useful information for a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of P. litorale and its potential impact on vegetable production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".