Cerebral Hyperthermia in Children after Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cerebral hyperthermia after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass has been poorly documented for adults and never in children. This study was designed to monitor brain temperature during and up to 6 h after cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children. METHODS: Fifteen infants and children, between 3 months and 6 yr of age, were studied. A right retrograde jugular bulb catheter was used to measure the jugular venous bulb temperature (JVBT) during the procedure and the first 6 h in the critical care unit. The temperature of the blood from the bypass machine was measured at the aorta through the cannula using an indwelling temperature probe. All data were acquired every minute. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 71 months (median, 15 months). The mean weight was 11.5 +/- 8.4 kg. The mean JVBT recorded at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass was 36.9 +/- 1.4 degrees C but reached 39.6 +/- 0.8 degrees C after six h (P < 0.01). The kinetics of brain rewarming was determined by the slope of the mean JVBT and corresponded to y +/- 0.006x + 37.21 (r2 = 0.97). The JVBT differed from the tympanic temperature after 200 min (P < 0.01) and the lower esophageal (P < 0.05) and rectal (P < 0.001) temperatures after 300 min. After 6 h, the tympanic, rectal, and lower esophageal temperatures were 37.8 +/- 0.9, 37.7 +/- 0.6, and 38.4 +/- 0.7 degrees C, respectively, whereas the JVBT was 39.6 +/- 0.8 degrees C (P < 0.001). However, the correlation coefficients between the JVBT and the tympanic, rectal, and esophageal temperatures were 0.98, 0. 85, and 0.97, respectively. No complications were recorded with placement of the jugular bulb catheter. CONCLUSIONS: Mean JVBT was significantly increased over the mean core temperature at all times from rewarming by cardiopulmonary bypass onward. Although the lower esophageal, rectal, and tympanic temperatures correlated well with JVBT, all three failed to reflect JVBT during recovery. This observation might help to elucidate factors involved in the functional and structural neurologic injury known to occur in pediatric patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".