Partitioning of dissolved thallium by seston in Lakes Erie and Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fate of thallium (Tl) was traced in the epipelagic and coastal waters of Lake Erie (in 2000) and Lake Ontario (in 2001) sampled during the summer period of thermal stratification. Fractionation of 204Tl bound to particulate matter was conducted to trace the scavenging potential of various seston size ranges (0.22 µm, 220 µm, and 20210 µm,). Added [204Tl]-Tl(I) scavenged by seston over 13 days was 0.344.05 % in Lake Erie and 0.090.21 % in Lake Ontario, where scavenging was correlated with suspended particulate matter content and chlorophyll a concentration. There was no consistent trend with respect to Tl scavenging by a particular size fraction, except at coastal sites in Lake Erie where most Tl was scavenged by the 220 µm seston. Partition coefficients (Kd) of Tl scavenging by seston in Lake Ontario were 9381483 L·kg1. At the same pelagic site in Lake Ontario, [204Tl]-dimethylthallium partitioned into seston (Kd = 807 ± 258) to a lesser degree than added Tl(I) (Kd = 998 ± 297), a finding consistent with laboratory assays of these two Tl species. These results suggest that the plankton food web plays a role in the geochemical cycle of this toxic metal in the water column of the lower Great Lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".