The Evolution of AmFm Stars, Abundance Anomalies, and Turbulent Transport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stellar evolution models of stars of 1.45 to 3.0 M fi have been calculated including the atomic diffusion of metals and radiative accelerations for all species in the OPAL opacities. As the abundances change, the opacities and radiative accelerations are continuously recalculated during evolution. These models develop iron peak convection zones centered at a temperature of approximately 200 000 K. If one then assumes that there is sufficient overshoot to homogenize the surface regions between the hydrogen, helium and iron peak convection zones, it is shown here that the surface abundances variations that are produced, without any arbitrary parameter, closely resemble the abundance anomalies of AmFm stars except that they are larger by a factor of about 3. Detailed evolutionary model calculations have been carried out varying the turbulence in the outer stellar regions in order to improve the agreement with the observed anomalies in AmFm stars. The outer mass mixed by turbule...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".