Landsat-based analysis of insect outbreaks in southern Siberia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractLandsat data were used to examine the effect of large-scale insect outbreaks in the forests of southern Siberia. Two insect outbreaks were studied: Ket‐Chulym, ~1.5 million hectares of forest damaged between 1954 and 1957; and Priangar'e, ~0.5‐0.7 million hectares of forest damaged between 1994 and 1996. Landsat scenes from 1980 to 2000 were analyzed. The optimal Landsat channels combination for detecting damage classes were bands 2 (0.525‐0.605 μm), 4 (0.750‐0.900 μm), 5 (1.55‐1.75 μm), and 6 (10.40‐12.50 μm). The damage to the forests caused an increase in radiometric temperature (20.20 ± 0.04°C for damaged forests versus 19.47 ± 0.02°C for healthy forests). The following pattern of forest succession was observed in the outbreak areas: dead stands with dense grass and shrub communities, burn scars, grass and shrub formations, open woodlands, closed young and middle-age birch stands, mature birch stands, and mixed conifer‐deciduous stands. Forest regeneration goes through long-term species-change successions, and the rate depends on the size of the outbreak area. On-ground mapping after the outbreak and later Landsat analysis showed that even 45 years after the Ket‐Chulym outbreak the area of forests did not increase. In the Priangar'e area approximately 45% of damaged forests have recovered.Des données Landsat thematic mapper (TM) et enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+) ont été utilisées pour examiner l'effet des infestations à grande échelle d'insectes dans les forêts du sud de la Sibérie. Deux zones d'infestations ont été étudiées : une zone de forêt de ~1,5 million d'ha endommagée entre 1954 et 1957 (Ket‐Chulym), et une infestation couvrant ~0,5‐0,7 million d'ha enregistrée en 1994 et 1996 (Priangar'e). Des scènes Landsat de 1980 à 2000 ont été analysées. Les combinaisons optimales des canaux Landsat permettant de détecter les classes de dommage étaient : la bande 2 (0,525‐0,605 μm), la bande 4 (0,750‐0,900 μm), la bande 5 (1,55‐1,75 μm) et la bande 6 (10,40‐12,50 μm). Les dommages subis par les forêts ont aussi entraîné un accroissement apparent de la température radiométrique. Dans les zones d'infestations, le patron suivant de succession forestière a été observé : des peuplements morts avec des communautés d'herbes denses et d'arbustes, des cicatrices d'incendies, des formations composées d'herbes et d'arbustes, des zones de forêts ouvertes, des peuplements fermés de bouleaux jeunes et d'âge moyen, des peuplements de bouleaux matures, et des peuplements mixtes de conifères‐feuillus. La régénération forestière traverse une période de successions de changements à long terme des espèces, le taux variant en fonction de la superficie de la zone d'infestation. À Ket‐Chulym, la cartographie réalisée au sol peu de temps après l'infestation et l'analyse réalisée ultérieurement à l'aide des données Landsat ont montré que, même 45 ans après l'infestation, les surfaces de forêts endommagées ne se sont toujours pas encore rétablies significativement. Dans la région de Priangar'e, approximativement 45 % des forêts endommagées sont en voie de rétablissement.[Traduit par la Rédaction]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".