Protective Effect of Verapamil upon Ouabain-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protective influence of verapamil upon ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias was investigated in anesthetized (alpha-chloralose 60 mg/kg and urethane 500 mg/kg) open-chest guinea pigs. Verapamil in doses between 100 and 150 micrograms/kg significantly increased (80-90%) the dose of ouabain, necessary to cause ventricular arrhythmias. This was also associated with a larger survival rate. A larger dose of verapamil (225 micrograms/kg) caused a further increase in the dose of ouabain, necessary for the initiation of arrhythmias, but in all the cases second or third degree heart block occurred. Verapamil (150 micrograms/kg) also prevented the development of fatal arrhythmias and death, when it was administered at the onset of ventricular ectopy. However, once the arrhythmias were firmly established, verapamil was ineffective in reversing the toxic response. The data suggests that verapamil exerts a protective effect against the development of digitalis-induced cardiac arrhythmias in doses which are comparable to therapeutic levels in humans. The larger doses of verapamil, however, will be contradicted because of the slowing of AV node and the likelihood of complete heart block.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it