Effects of<i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i>on<i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>and Root Rot in Peppers Grown in Small-scale Hydroponic Troughs
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability of Pseudomonas (Ps.) chlororaphis isolate Tx-1 to suppress Pythium aphanidermatum and control root rot was investigated in sweet peppers grown in small-scale hydroponic trough units with recirculating nutrient solution. The agent was introduced to the nutrient solution 3 days after the peppers were inoculated with P. aphanidermatum, or 4 days before and 3 days after inoculation, or 4 days before and 3 and 10 days after. Controls either received no agent or pathogen, or the agent only (applied once, 4 days before the time of pathogen inoculations), or the pathogen only. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with repetitions beginning in January, March, and May. Severity of root browning associated with P. aphanidermatum, in the absence of Ps. chlororaphis, increased in the first, second and third repetitions, respectively, to 74% at 21 days, 28% at 21 days, and 68% at 11 days. In treatments with one, two, or three applications of Ps. chlororaphis, respectively, areas under root browning progress curves were reduced by 18-48%, 50-73%, and 62-79% compared to the pathogen controls, and recovery incidence of the pathogen from roots at 21 days after inoculation was reduced by 14-47%, 62-82%, and 60-89%. Roots not inoculated with P. aphanidermatum were whitish and not colonized by the pathogen. Density of Ps. chlororaphis in treated plants was usually 2×103-1.2×105 cfu g−1 fresh roots. The Ps. chlororaphis treatments almost invariably prevented reductions in plant height, leaf area, fresh mass and dry mass of the shoots and of the roots, and root volume associated with P. aphanidermatum and root browning. It is concluded that Ps. chlororaphis Tx-1 strongly antagonized P. aphanidermatum in the pepper roots and that the agent has considerable potential for controlling root rot and maintaining productivity in commercial hydroponic peppers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it