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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE As a guard against osteoporosis, maximizing childhood bone mineral accrual is critical. Results from our lab, and others, suggest that weight bearing exercise interventions of 10–20 mins, 3X/week elicit a positive osteogenic response after 7–9 months in several skeletal sites in children. However, whether shorter, more frequent bouts of exercise will have a similar osteogenic response in children in unknown. METHODS We investigated bone mass changes in 28 girls and 23 boys (Tanner 1–3, 10.1 ± .5 yrs) who participated in an 8-month program of 10 jumps, 3X/day, 5 days/week and a control group, 46 girls and 41 boys, (Tanner stages 1–3, 10.2 ± .5 years old). We administered physical activity (PA), calcium intake (Ca) and maturity questionnaires at baseline and 8 months. We assessed bone mineral content (BMC) of the proximal femur (PF), lumbar spine (LS), and total body (TB) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)(Hologic, QDR 4500). We obtained lean and fat mass (gms) from DXA TB scans, and measured height (cm) and weight (kg) by standard methods. RESULTS There was no difference between groups for age, HT, WT, maturity level, Ca or PA at baseline. Over 8 months, BMC at the intertrochanteric region (IT)(2.6%, p = .008) and proximal femur (PF)(3.2%, p = .012) increased significantly more in intervention children (ANCOVA, baseline height, change in height, final TS, final age and physical activity as covariates). BMC changes were not significant at other sites. All growth parameters changed similarly between groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that frequent, short bouts of exercise elicit a positive osteogenic response on FN and IT BMC. Further study is required to investigate whether or not these changes are maintained 12 months after withdrawal of the exercise stimulus. Also, it is not known what bone strength and structural changes may occur at the proximal femur as an adaptation to loading. Early puberty may be a particularly responsive time for proximal femur adaptation to loading activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".