Ionospheric convection signatures of the interchange cycle at small interplanetary magnetic field clock angles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show a “proof of the existence” of the ionospheric situation that is expected for the interchange cycle, during periods of favorable interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and dipole tilt conditions. To do so, we present three case studies of dayside high‐latitude ionospheric convection that is observed around the equinoxes (near‐zero dipole tilt) and at small IMF clock angles (one θc ∼ −30° event and two θc ∼ 30° events, where θc ≡ Arg(BZ + iBY)), using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN)/Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data in the Northern Hemisphere and, when available, DMSP data in the Southern Hemisphere. The convection pattern exhibits twin reverse cells in both hemispheres, but the constituents of each cell are different. In the Northern Hemisphere, for θc ∼ 30° (θc ∼ −30°), the center of the dawnside (duskside) cell is located poleward of the polar cap boundary, while the center of the duskside (dawnside) cell is located equatorward of the polar cap boundary. For θc ∼ 30°, we confirmed that the above‐mentioned dawn‐dusk relation reverses in the Southern Hemisphere. The north‐south asymmetric behavior of the conjugate reverse cells, on the dawnside and duskside each, is consistent with two independent interchange cycles that result from the coupling of IMF‐lobe reconnection in one hemisphere with lobe‐closed reconnection in the opposite hemisphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".