Continuous Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Low Catalyst Concentration in a Tubular Reactor
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Continuous ARGET ATRP of butyl methacrylate was carried out in an 850 mL tubular reactor using parts per million levels of copper catalyst and stoichiometric amounts of ligand to copper under industrially relevant conditions without monomer and solvent purification. A copper(II) bromide/tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine complex was used as catalyst, and tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate was chosen as the reducing agent. It was found that stainless steel fittings and/or storage tanks had an adverse effect on polymerization rate, underlining the importance of the choice of chemically inert tubing. The problem of lower rate was solved by increasing the amount of reducing agent in the system fourfold, under which conditions the molecular weight development and polymerization rate in the tubular system compared well to that in a batch reactor. Thus, ARGET ATRP can be made significantly faster and more robust through the judicious use of an inexpensive and non‐hazardous reducing agent. The tubular reactor produces polymer with a controlled molecular weight distribution continuously and reliably, demonstrating its potential for industrial adoption. magnified image
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it