Effects of Cold Temperature, Moisture and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Glass Fiber-Epoxy Composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
´The durability of composite materials used for wind turbines blades exposed to a northern climate presents uncertainties as their behavior for very cold temperature applications is not completely understood. The goal of this project is to confront actual theories to experimental results for mechanical properties of unidirectional glass-epoxy composites exposed to moisture, cold temperature and freeze-thaw cycles. Tests were made at ambient temperature and -40℃ on four sample families. The families consisted of either dry or moisture saturated specimens, of which half of the families were further conditioned with 100 freeze-thaw cycles between -40℃ and 40℃. Tensile, compressive and short beam shear tests were conducted. Results showed the inadequacy of classical theories for predicting strength of the specimens exposed to low temperature and/or moisture. Contrary to the results presented in most of the literature, freeze-thaw cycles did not significantly change the strength or modulus of the test specimens. However, low temperature provided an important increase in strength while modulus was retained. Moisture had a stronger effect on properties than models would predict but there was no evidence of a synergistic effect between moisture and temperature. Comparison of the results with those presented in the literature shows that the behavior of composites exposed to low temperatures or freezethaw cycles is very sensitive to the nature of the constituents and the molding process used to produce the parts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".