Periodontal Findings in Patients With Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Comet Assay of Affected Gingival Epithelial Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) involves large sections of population and is related to certain chewing practices that involve direct exposure of the gingiva to noxious chemicals and additives. The impact of such practices, although studied extensively in relation to the cheek mucosa, is not elucidated as far as gingival tissues are concerned. The possible DNA damage on affected gingiva is also one of the objectives of the present study. METHODS: One hundred cases of individuals with OSF and 89 without OSF were examined for periodontal parameters and compared. Biopsies of gingival tissue from both categories were examined with conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining for epithelial, connective tissue, and inflammatory changes. Comet assay of epithelial cells obtained from scraping the gingival surface of both patients with OSF and control individuals was performed. RESULTS: Patients with OSF had poorer oral hygiene and greater loss of attachment, probing depth, and recession compared with controls. Significant histopathologic changes in the form of loss of rete ridges with gingival epithelium reduced to a flattened surface was observed. All the patients with OSF showed comet cells in larger numbers. The controls also showed comet cells but in fewer numbers, and the number of individuals showing comet cells was significantly less. CONCLUSION: OSF showed significant changes in affected gingiva, and the presence of comet cells in all the patients with OSF is a significant indicator of possible pathognomonic developments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".