Combined <i>in situ</i> micromechanical cantilever-based sensing and ellipsometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two cantilever-based chemical sensors are reported. First, a differential cantilever-based chemical sensor capable of sensitive surface stress measurements has been designed and implemented. The system uses two commercially available atomic force microscope cantilevers. The surface of one cantilever is functionalized to make it receptive to specific target analytes, while the second, passivated cantilever is used as a reference by subtracting undesired signals, resulting from mechanical and thermal noise, from the signal of interest. The second system is a combined cantilever-based sensor and ellipsometer capable of simultaneous in situ surface stress and film thickness measurements. Both sensors, operated in static mode, achieve a cantilever deflection measurement sensitivity of 0.2 nm and a surface stress resolution of 5×10−5 N/m. Molecular monolayer thicknesses are measured simultaneously with a 0.1 nm resolution. The real-time formation process of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold was investigated as a model system to characterize these instruments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".