Electrolyte Formulations Based on Dinitrile Solvents for High Voltage Li-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the suitability of aliphatic dinitrile solvents with the chemical formula NC-(CH 2 ) n -CNwhere n varies from 3 to 8 in single, binary (mixed with ethylene carbonate, EC) or ternary (mixed with EC and dimethyl carbonate, DMC) electrolyte solutions for the high voltage (4.7 V) LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 cathode material in lithium batteries. We report that the conductivity of all the electrolyte solutions (with LiTFSI or LiBF 4 as salt) decreases as a function of "n", i.e. as the alkane chain become longer while the viscosity increases. The electrochemical stability window is about 7 V for the single electrolyte solutions and drops to 6-6.5 V for the binary and ternary ones. ATR IR spectra of all the electrolyte solutions indicate the presence of a strong interaction between Li ions and the different solvents. Li/LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 half cell batteries assembled using dinitriles as the main solvent (50% by volume), LiBF 4 salt and LiBOB co-salt show good performance only in the ternary solutions. Those with shorter alkane dinitriles with n = 4 and 5 retain the capacity better after 50 cycles than the longer ones with n = 6 and 8. Investigation of the surface of the cycled electrode by XPS reveals that DMC plays a great role in surface passivation at high voltages by preventing salt decomposition in ternary solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".