A Quantitative Scale for the Extent of Conjugation of the Amide Bond. Amidity Percentage as a Chemical Driving Force
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The amide bond may be considered as one of the most important chemical building blocks, playing an important role not only in living organisms but in organic chemistry as well. The exact description and precise quantification of the amide bond strength is difficult, requiring a particular type of theoretical investigation. The present paper suggests a novel, yet simple, method toward quantifying amide bond strength on a linear scale, defined as the "amidity scale". This is achieved using the computed enthalpy of hydrogenation (DeltaHH2) of the compound examined. In the present conceptual work, the DeltaHH2 value for dimethylacetamide is used to define perfect amidic character (amidity=+100%), while azaadamantane-2-on represents complete absence of amidic character (amidity=0%). The component DeltaHH2 values were computed at differing levels of theory, providing a computational and quasi-"method-independent" measure of amidity. A total of 29 well-known amides were examined to demonstrate the "scoring" accuracy of this methodology. For the compounds examined, a correlation has been made between the computed amidity percentage and their common COSNAR resonance energy values, proton affinities, and reactivity in a nucleophilic addition reaction. Selected chemical reactions were also studied. It has been shown that the change of the amidity value, during acyl transfer reactions, represents a thermodynamic driving force for the reaction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it