Cyclical plasma electrolyte and acid–base responses to meal feeding in horses over a 24-h period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The present study used the physicochemical approach to characterize the changes in plasma electrolyte and acid–base states that occur in horses in response to feeding. Jugular venous blood was sampled every 0.5–2 h over a 24-h period from two groups ( n = 4 and n = 5) of Standardbreds fed a mixed hay and grain ration at 8 am and 7 pm. One group of horses was studied in October, and one in December. The time course and magnitude of feeding responses differed between groups, and between the morning and evening meals. Feeding-induced changes in plasma electrolyte and acid–base variables occurred rapidly, within the first 1–3 h of meal consumption. The plasma acidosis associated with eating the meal was marked by increased plasma [H + ] and decreased TCO 2 . The primary contributors to the increases in plasma [H + ] were the decrease in the plasma concentration of strong ions ([SID]) and the p CO 2 . The increase in plasma total weak acid (protein) concentration ([A tot ]) post-feeding had only a minor effect on the acid–base state. The feeding-induced acidosis abated 3–6 h after the meal, showing cyclical recovery of physicochemical variables that contributed to the acid–base disturbance. It is concluded that several key plasma electrolyte and acid–base parameters undergo significant, cyclical fluctuations in response to feeding in horses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".