Linear stability analysis of ice growth under supercooled water film driven by a laminar airflow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a theoretical model for ice growth under a wind-driven supercooled water film. The thickness and surface velocity of the water layer are variable by changing the air stream velocity. For a given water supply rate, linear stability analysis is carried out to study the morphological instability of the ice-water interface. In this model, water and air boundary layers are simultaneously disturbed due to the change in ice shape, and the effect of the interaction between air and water flows on the growth condition of the ice-water interface disturbance is taken into account. It is shown that as the wind speed increases, the amplification rate of the disturbance is significantly affected by variable stresses exerted on the water-air interface by the air flow as well as restoring forces due to gravity and surface tension. We predict that an ice pattern of a centimeter-scale in wavelength appears and the wavelength decreases as the wind speed increases, and that the ice pattern moves in the direction opposite to the water flow. The effect of the air stress disturbance on the heat transfer coefficient at the water-air interface is also investigated for various wind speeds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".