Transformation of Chlorites by Primary Biological Agents—A Synthesis of X-ray Diffraction Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chlorites in the bio interaction zone (or rhizosphere soils) are transformed by bacteria, fungi and mosses into expanding 2:1 minerals with different cation fixation capacities. Some of the new clays are smectitic, expanding with glycol treatment in the Ca-saturated state, while others have a high intensity 001 peak unchanged by glycol treatment. Most of all, potassium saturation results in different hydration states in mixed layered phases or as individual illitic units or minerals indicating dissimilarity in charge site and intensity on the 2:1 layers of the original chlorites. However, the overall pattern is that of the transformation of high temperature chlorite to expanding clay minerals with high exchange capacities. Biotic processes appear to modify chlorites in a rather homogeneous manner compared to the formation of interstratified minerals common in the water-rock interaction pathway. These high charge expanding clays left after the biologically mediated reactions with chlorites are strong potential sites for cation (e.g., magnesium and potassium) capture and storage to supply the nutritional requirements of plants and organisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".