Plasmodesmata at the crossroads between development, dormancy, and defense
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plants are frequently exposed to environmental stress and organisms that seek to benefit from their autotrophic nature. To cope with these challenges plants have developed stress-resistance mechanisms, which involve sensing, activation of signal transduction cascades, changes in gene expression, and physiological adjustment. Exposure to one kind of stress often leads to cross-tolerance, that is, resistance to different kinds of stresses. The search for a common underlying mechanism concentrates mostly on changes in cellular physiology and gene expression. We focus on the cross-protective measures that are taken at the level above the single cell. We argue that the controlled alterations in symplasmic permeability that underlie development also play a role in survival and defense strategies. In development, most of the alterations are transient and dynamic, whereas the more persistent alterations function predominantly in dormancy and defense and are under the control of two key enzymes: 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase and 1,3-β-D-glucanase. 1,3-β-D-Glucan synthase functions in the narrowing or closing of plasmodesmata, whereas 1,3-β-D-glucanase counteracts this process. We propose that the closing of symplasmic paths constitutes an unspecific but effective early measure in adaptation and defense, which is accompanied by specific strategies tailored to the various challenges plants face.Key words: cross-adaptation, dormancy sphincter, 1,3-β-D-glucanase, 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, meristem, overwintering, plasmodesmata, virus movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".