Assessment of the Impact of Opencast Chrome Mining on the Ambient Air Concentrations of TSP, Cr, Ni and Pb Around A Mining Complex in Northern Finland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the results of an air sampling program designed to evaluate the impact of a chromium opencast mining complex on the ambient air environment at Kemi, Northern Finland. The total suspended particles (TSP) and associated metal (Cr, Ni and Pb) concentrations in the air were determined. The TSP samples were collected simultaneously during one year (2000) at three monitoring stations in the mine area using high volume samplers and glass fibre filters. The heavy metal concentrations were analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after dissolution of the filters by an alkali fusion procedure. The impact of the opencast chrome mine on the air environment was assessed by comparing the TSP and Pb monitoring data with the Finnish air quality limit and guideline values. The results showed that the Finnish air quality guideline values, annual mean and the 98th percentile value were exceeded for TSP, but not for Pb. The results also indicated that ambient air TSP and heavy metals concentrations in the air varied considerably within short time intervals (day-to-day fluctuation), as well as by the month, and that the Cr and Ni concentrations in the air correlated strongly with TSP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".