Entrainment and flushing time in the Fraser River estuary and plume from a steady salt balance analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[1] A passenger ferry equipped with oceanographic instrumentation made eight transects across the Fraser River plume in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, each day for 4 years. Estimates of average plume salinity and volume were made from the observations and used in a quasi-steady budget to estimate the net upward flux of ambient salt water into the plume. This entrainment flux increases from a minimum of 17,000 m3s−1 at low river flow to a maximum of about 27,000 m3s−1 at intermediate flow. The entrainment flux then becomes essentially independent of river flow, although we argue on physical grounds it must eventually decrease. Entrainment velocities of a few mm s−1 were estimated from the entrainment flux when assuming that mixing primarily occurs along the salt wedge estuary or in the near-field plume. These values are consistent with previous estimates. This, in turn, suggests that entrainment is not important over most of the plume's full extent and that bulk plume properties are set in the near field. Finally, the observations are used to estimate a plume freshwater flushing time of 2.2 days, with essentially no dependence on river discharge, even though discharge varies seasonally by almost an order of magnitude. This value lies in between the expected time scales for near-field and far-field plumes and is long enough for rotation to play an important role. There is no evidence, however, of a coherent bulge as observed in other systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".