Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Antecedent Sulfur Application Effects on Recovery of Elemental Sulfur as SO<sub>4</sub>‐S in Incubated Soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oxidation of elemental sulfur (S) to plant‐available SO4‐S is influenced by several factors. Experiments were conducted to compare the recovery of applied elemental S as SO4‐S in Dark Gray Chernozem (Boralfic Boroll), Black Chernozem (Udic Boroll), and Gray Luvisol (Boralfs) soils incubated at different temperature, moisture, and antecedent elemental S application conditions. For all soils and incubation periods, the recovery of SO4‐S increased with temperature from 6 to 36°C and with soil moisture from 40 to 90% field capacity (FC). At low temperature and soil moisture, the recovery of SO4‐S increased relatively steadily with incubation time up to 30 days, but at optimum temperature and soil moisture, the SO4‐S recovery was relatively faster at the start of the incubation and declined as incubation progressed. Previous addition of elemental S to soil accelerated the SO4‐S recovery. The rate of SO4‐S recovery was also influenced by soil type. The findings suggest that the amount of elemental S fertilizer needed to meet the crop requirements should be adjusted based on temperature, soil moisture, previous elemental S application history, and soil type.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".