Intensity clamping measurement of laser filaments in air at 400 and 800 nm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ fluorescence excited by laser filaments formed from laser pulses at 400 and 800 nm propagating in air is investigated. A comparison showed that, when excited with 400 nm photons, the fluorescence from the first negative band of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}{}^{+}$ was enhanced by a factor of 6.4 while that of the second positive band of neutral ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ remained relatively constant. The enhanced ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}{}^{+}$ signal is attributed to a more efficient inner-shell multiphoton process (to the ${B}^{2}$${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$ state) at 400 nm leaving a larger population of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}{}^{+}$ ions in the excited state. On the other hand, the stable fluorescence from neutral ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ is due to the fact that the plasma density is more or less the same at both wavelengths. Using these results, a theoretical model is developed to determine the clamped intensities of the laser filaments at 400 and 800 nm.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".