Intensity clamping measurement of laser filaments in air at 400 and 800 nm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ fluorescence excited by laser filaments formed from laser pulses at 400 and 800 nm propagating in air is investigated. A comparison showed that, when excited with 400 nm photons, the fluorescence from the first negative band of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}{}^{+}$ was enhanced by a factor of 6.4 while that of the second positive band of neutral ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ remained relatively constant. The enhanced ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}{}^{+}$ signal is attributed to a more efficient inner-shell multiphoton process (to the ${B}^{2}$${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}$ state) at 400 nm leaving a larger population of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}{}^{+}$ ions in the excited state. On the other hand, the stable fluorescence from neutral ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ is due to the fact that the plasma density is more or less the same at both wavelengths. Using these results, a theoretical model is developed to determine the clamped intensities of the laser filaments at 400 and 800 nm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".