Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The paper presents the initial results of a field study of boundary layer behaviour and open water evaporation carried out on two small- to medium-sized lakes in Western and Northern Canada. Meteorological and boundary layer measurements were made over the water surfaces and over the upwind land surface, allowing for an examination of the effect of lake-land contrasts of temperature on the wind speed over the open water and on the evaporation rates. Lake evaporation was measured directly using eddy covariance equipment. The study showed that, for time periods shorter than daily, the open water evaporation bears no relationship to the net radiation. The wind speed is the most significant factor governing the evaporation rates, followed by the land-water temperature contrast and the land-water vapour pressure contrast. The effect of the stability on the wind field is demonstrated; stability over the water and adjacent land surfaces are, for the most part, out of phase. The derived relationships will be used to develop a model for estimating the hourly evaporation rates from open water. Examination of the seasonal trends shows that the open water period can be separated into two distinct evaporative regimes: the warming period in the Spring, when the land temperature is greater than the water temperature, the turbulent fluxes over water are suppressed; and the cooling period, when the water temperature is greater than the air temperature, and the turbulent fluxes over water are enhanced.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".