Toward Stabilization of Domains in Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the purpose of studying the effect of stabilizing film morphology on polymer photovoltaic cell performance, the morphology and characteristics of bulk heterojunction devices fabricated using binary blends of an azide-functionalized graft copolymer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were examined. A thermal, solid state reaction between the azide groups attached to P3HT and PCBM, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV−vis spectrocopies, rendered the films largely insoluble and stabilized the morphology, as evidenced by limited growth of macroscopic crystals of PCBM over time, although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed no dramatic changes in morphology at the nanoscopic level. Photovoltaic (PV) devices prepared from these stabilized layers exhibited 1.85% power conversion efficiencies (PCE) which fell to 0.93% over 3 h at 150 °C, whereas native P3HT/PCBM devices, initially displaying 2.5% PCE dropped to 0.5% over the same period. The extent to which the morphology of the bulk heterojunction can be stabilized by this route is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".