The Effectiveness of a Shoe in Rehabilitation and Return to Sport in Athletes who Present with a Unilateral Acute Ankle Sprain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A shoe has recently been developed to mimic barefoot running. Recent research by Dr. Bruggemann in Cologne, Germany found that subjects who wore the shoe for 30 minutes, 3–4 times per week as part of a warm up had improved ankle strength, intrinsic muscle strength and improved balance as compared to the control subjects who used their own shoe for warm up. PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of this same shoe in the rehabilitaton process and return to sport for athletes who present with a unilateral, acute ankle sprain. METHODS: Forty subjects who presented to the Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Clinic and UBC Student Health who had suffered a unilateral acute ankle sprain that disrupted daily activity participated in this study. All subjects were assessed at week 0, week 3 and week 8. Outcome measures included ankle range of motion, proprioception, strength, agility, pain at rest and during exercise on a visual analog scale, and the Allan McGavin Sports Medicine Quality of Life Index. All subjects underwent similar early rehabilitation management with the RICE principle (rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the injured ankle) as well as a progressive home exercise program. The test group however was also given a pair of the shoes to wear during daily activities and their walk-run program. RESULTS: There were improvements in plantar flexion, the test group exhibiting greater plantar flexion. There were improvements in balance, with the test group exhibiting better results in static and dynamic tests (p <0.067 and p < 0.076 respectively). There were differences between the two groups in the test of dynamic agility with the test group exhibiting better results at week 8. CONCLUSION: The test shoe used for this study is a good rehabilitation tool for athletes who sustain an acute ankle sprain. The benefits the shoe has been shown to exhibit in ankle strength, intrinsic muscle strength and improved balance has proven to be helpful for those athletes in reducing their time to full activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".