Polycarbonate particles and dye‐labeled particles by miniemulsion polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We describe the synthesis of several different polycarbonate particles by miniemulsion polymerization. The monomers were allylmethyl carbonate (AlMeC), di(ethylene glycol) bisallylcarbonate (DBAC), and 4‐vinyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one [vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC)]. For these polymerizations, higher monomer conversions were obtained with oil‐soluble initiators (azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide) than with a water‐soluble initiator (potassium persulfate). Benzoyl peroxide was particularly effective in yielding particles with a narrow size distribution. Although increasing amounts of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) led to smaller particles, the choice of the monomer was the major determinant. For example, in polymerization reactions carried out at 85 °C with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator and with otherwise identical recipes, we obtained particle sizes of 181 nm with AlMeC, 296 nm with VEC, and 203 nm with DBAC. Fluorescent particles were synthesized with comonomers based on the benzothioxanthene nucleus. Because the dyes had poor solubility in the monomers, it was necessary to include typically 20 wt % bromobenzene or dichlorobenzene based on the monomer in the miniemulsion reaction mixture. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1999–2009, 2004
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".