Physiological profiles of sockeye salmon in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and the effects of exogenous GnRH and testosterone on rates of homeward migration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We captured 196 adult Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Gulf of Alaska and collected blood and tissue samples to describe their energetics and physiology at an early stage of homeward migration. Somatic energy concentrations differed significantly among population (run-timing) groups, with the earliest entering group (the Early Summer-runs) possessing less energy than Summer-run and Late Summer-run sockeye. Conversely, Early Summer-run fish had invested significantly more in testicular development relative to the other run-timing groups (76.1 ± 9.8 g vs. 47.0 ± 8.0 g and 39.0 ± 5.4 g). Egg production followed a similar trend but was only marginally significant. Plasma testosterone was also nearly twice as high in Early Summer sockeye relative to Late Summer-run sockeye (89.01 ± 13.12 ng mL−1 vs. 38.69 ± 5.61 ng mL−1). To test the pleiotropic effect of reproductive hormones on migratory behaviour, we implanted these same 196 sockeye with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and/or testosterone and examined travel times via acoustic telemetry. Relative to controls, there was no significant relationship between hormonal treatment and travel times, which suggests that exogenous treatment had little effect though sample size was small (N = 13). Nonetheless, pre-treatment levels of testosterone correlated significantly with travel times (r = −0.813), irrespective of treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".