The double-helical branch structure of fixed contact line liquid bridge equilibria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attempts to stabilize the fixed contact line cylindrical liquid bridge have generally implicitly assumed that it was related to stable equilibria in a continuous manner. An examination of the branch structure of equilibria demonstrates that for longer liquid bridges, the cylinder becomes separate from normally stable equilibria and hence likely cannot be stabilized by a continuous perturbation. All axisymmetric equilibria for a fixed contact line liquid bridge of fixed moderate length in the absence of applied forces (zero gravity, no spin) are found to lie on a single semi-infinite bridged double helix. This helix breaks repeatedly as the length of the liquid bridge is increased, separating the stable truncated sphere state from the generally desirable cylindrical state. This structural change appears to explain why several approaches to stabilization of long cylindrical liquid bridges beyond the classical Plateau–Rayleigh limit have been largely unsuccessful over the past few decades. The first breakage of the helix, when liquid bridge length equals 9.0973 times radius, corresponds roughly to the maximum length of cylindrical liquid bridge achieved experimentally via a perturbative applied force (using acoustic radiation pressure). An examination of the deformations of the helix under gravity reveals that for moderate length liquid bridges at small Bond number, all axisymmetric equilibria lie on a single unbroken branch which forms a single (unbridged) semi-infinite double helix. Combined effects of gravity and length are investigated as well, resulting in multiple disconnected loops of equilibria.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".