Serum α-chlorofatty acid as a biomarker for baseline subclinical cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
α-chlorofatty acid (α-ClFA) is one product of myeloperoxidase activity in vivo during atherogenesis [ 1 ]. Our study investigates whether serum α-ClFA may be a biomarker for subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One hundred and eighty-five women with SLE and 186 controls participated in this ancillary study of the Study of Lupus Vascular and Bone Long-term Endpoints (SOLVABLE). Data collection included demographic information, CVD and SLE risk factors, and baseline laboratory assessments. α-ClFA was measured in stored serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring detections. Each sample was run in triplicate. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) and aorta calcium (AC) were measured by electron beam computed tomography or multi-detector computed tomography. Calcium scores were calculated using the Agatston method. Outcome measures were the presence of higher risk CAC or AC scores (CAC >10 or AC >100) versus lower risk scores (CAC ≤10 or AC ≤100) [ 2 ]. Significant associations were identified with descriptive characteristics, univariate, and multivariate analyses. Cases had higher baseline levels of α-ClFA than controls (42.2 ± 19.2 fmol/μl vs. 34.5 ± 10.9 fmol/μl, P = 0.014). Cases with lower risk CAC and AC scores had statistically higher levels of α-ClFA compared with controls, while cases and controls with higher risk CAC and AC scores had similar α-ClFA levels (Table 1 ). In multivariate analyses, SLE had the strongest independent association with higher risk CAC scores, followed by dyslipidemia and age (Table 2 ). SLE also had the strongest association with higher risk AC scores, followed by history of tobacco use, age, and C-reactive protein level (Table 3 ). α-ClFA was not independently associated with higher risk CAC or AC scores. SLE had the strongest independent association with the presence of higher risk subclinical CVD, while serum α-ClFA levels were not independently associated at baseline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".