Hopping of an impurity defect in ion crystals in linear traps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laser-cooled arrays or crystals of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$${}^{+}$ ions containing a single impurity, $^{172}\mathrm{Yb}$${}^{+}$ isotope, are confined in a linear radio-frequency Paul trap. Site-to-site hopping of the impurity ion, distinguished by a lack of fluorescence, is studied as a function of the $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$${}^{+}$ laser-cooling parameters and as a function of the anisotropy of the trapping potential. Imaging of the independently resolved crystal sites permits the extraction of the impurity's hopping trajectory, from which the dwell times at a given site can be obtained as well as the spatial distribution of hopping rate and hopping destination. The onset of rapid hopping is found to occur at average thermal energies approaching a significant fraction of the Coulomb potential energy. Furthermore, the hopping rate is enhanced at trap anisotropies near the critical value for the structural phase transition to a two-dimensional zigzag phase. Finally, the hopping mobility of the impurity ion is observed to be highest near the center of the crystal, which may have an intrinsic cause related to the crystal structure and dynamics near the zigzag transition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".