Police reform and democratic development in lower-profile fragile states
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Over the past six years, Western donors have formulated guidelines to orient their increasing involvement in security system reform (SSR) throughout the South and particularly in fragile states. These normative instruments recommend a range of measures to ensure that donor involvement reinforces development goals such as national ownership and democratic consolidation. However, Sedra and others have argued that this model is in crisis in high-profile fragile states such as Afghanistan and Iraq, where counter-insurgency strategies distort or even negate democratic development approaches to SSR. Résumé Drawing on original case studies of police reform in Burundi, Haiti and Southern Sudan, this article demonstrates that developmental approaches to SSR have more scope for application in fragile states that are not at war or involved in the War on Terror. Yet, even in such contexts, the case studies suggest that key factors complicate the application of developmental approaches. A social constructivist framework is used to explain how agency at the national and international levels, cultural constructs such as patrimonial politics and structures such as economic underdevelopment, converge to shape the prospects for SSR in these lower-profile fragile states. Pendant les dernières années, les bailleurs occidentaux ont élaboré des normes pour orienter leur engagement croissant dans la reformé des systèmes de sécurité (RSS), particulièrement dans les États fragiles. Ces normes recommandent un éventail de mesures pour assurer que l'appui des bailleurs renforce des objectifs de développement tels que l'appropriation nationale et la consolidation démocratique. Cependant Sedra et d'autres suggèrent que ce modèle est en crise dans les États fragiles très visibles tels que l'Afghanistan et l'Iraq, où les stratégies de contre-guérilla dénaturent les approches développementales dans ce secteur. Basé sur trois études originales de la réforme des institutions policières au Burundi, en Haïti et dans le Soudan du Sud, cet article démontre que les approches développementales ont plus de possibilité d'être mises en œuvre dans les États fragiles qui ne sont pas en guerre ou engagés dans la Guerre contre la terreur. Mais même dans de tels contextes, ces études suggèrent que certains facteurs compliquent l'application d'une approche développementale dans le secteur de la sécurité. Une grille constructiviste est employée pour expliquer comment les facteurs agentiels aux niveaux national et international convergent avec les facteurs culturels comme le patrimonialisme et les facteurs structurels tels que le sous développement économique pour contraindre la réforme des systèmes de sécurité même dans ces États fragiles moins visibles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".