Load-Deflection Analyses of Double Wythe Unreinforced Masonry Walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new analysis method for unreinforced masonry double wythe walls is developed and presented in this paper. The technique uses empirical formulas for the effective flexural rigidity of a masonry wall as obtained from a finite-element analysis of a masonry couplet. These formulas, together with equations that relate the moments in the block and brick wythes and the ties, are used in a 1D analysis of the masonry wall. The method rationally accounts for material nonlinearities, flexural tensile bond failure mechanism, type of ties, cavity width, load eccentricity, slenderness ratio, P-delta, and moisture and temperature deformation effects. The simplicity of the analysis technique is illustrated by instituting the procedure into a spreadsheet application. Complete load-deflection curves generated for some test walls compared well with the experimental data. The analysis method is accurate and extendable in predicting the ultimate load and the load-deflection relationships of masonry walls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".