Rapid Flowering under Greenhouse Conditions and Lack of Awns Are Widespread among Tetraploid <i>Elymus</i> Species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A strong vernalization requirement can increase the amount of time needed per breeding cycle for cool season grasses, and the presence of awns can be an eye irritant to grazing livestock. Our objective was to identify awnless tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) Elymus accessions capable of flowering quickly and consistently in the greenhouse. A total of 244 accessions, encompassing 27 Elymus species and subspecies, were evaluated during three different time periods in the greenhouse at Ardmore, OK. Heading date of accessions ranged from 53 to 90 d after planting, with 175 accessions representing 20 species or subspecies, flowering within 90 d of planting in the greenhouse. Eighty‐eight accessions, representing 11 species or subspecies, were awnless or awnletted (i.e., awns <1 mm). Across all three time periods, 56 awnless accessions, representing nine species or subspecies, consistently flowered within 90 d of planting. Thus, a wide array of awnless tetraploid Elymus accessions that can consistently and rapidly flower in the greenhouse are available. Some of these accessions are being used to attempt to introgress the awnless trait into an elite breeding line of Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis L.).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".