Poster — Thur Eve — 32: Radiation Dose from a Proposed Measurement of Arsenic and Selenium in Human Skin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dose measurements following 10 minute irradiations with a portable x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer composed of a miniature x‐ray tube and a silicon PiN diode detector were performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters consisting of LiF:Mg,Ti chips of 3 mm diameter and 0.4 mm thickness. The table‐top setup of the XRF spectrometer was used for all measurements. The setup included a stainless steel lid which served as a radiation shield. Two rectangular polyethylene skin/soft tissue phantoms with two cylindrical plaster of Paris bone phantoms (diameters of 5 and 10 mm) were used to study the effect of x‐ray beam attenuation and backscatter on the measured dose. Eight different irradiation experiments were performed. The average dose rate values measured with TLD chips within a 1×1 cm2 area were between 4.8 and 12.8 mGy min−1. The average dose rate values of the irradiations with 10 mm diameter bone phantom were higher than the corresponding values with the 5 mm diameter bone phantom. This demonstrated that the dose contribution of the bone backscattered radiation cannot be neglected. The dose measurements demonstrated that no significant health risks can be expected from a two minute irradiation of a commercial XRF spectrometer. The corresponding skin equivalent dose for a two minute irradiation was calculated to be 13.2 mSv. This value is lower than the ICRP Report 60 (1991) annual dose limit for the general population of 50 mSv for a 1×1 cm2 skin area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".