Electrochemical Reactions on Metal-Matrix Composite Anodes for Metal Electrowinning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, Pb-MnO 2 composite anodes were developed through single-action powder pressing.The effect of MnO 2 content of the composite anodes on the physical and electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated and compared with those of the pure pressed Pb and a commercial Pb-Sn-Ca electrowinning anode.Surface morphology of the fabricated samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed in 180 g/l sulphuric acid solution at 37 ± 0.5 • C to study the surface reactions of the anodes and their performance in terms of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rate and potential.The results indicated that the addition of MnO 2 improved the electrocatalytic activity of the lead anode for oxygen evolution.Oxidation of lead was also influenced by MnO 2 particles.The effects of manganese ions in the electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of the composite anodes were also studied.Results showed that manganese ions, depending on concentration, can have both promoting and suppressive effects on the OER on the composite anodes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".