Stretch-dependent growth and differentiation in vascular smooth muscle: role of the actin cytoskeleton
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall are constantly exposed to distending forces from the intraluminal pressure. A rise in blood pressure triggers growth of the vessel wall, which is characterized primarily by hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells with maintained differentiation in a contractile phenotype. Growth factor stimulation of dissociated smooth muscle cells, on the other hand, causes proliferative growth with loss of contractility. This type of response is also found in neointima development following angioplasty and in atherosclerotic lesions. An intact tissue environment is therefore critical for preserved differentiation. Recent advances point to a role of actin polymerization in the expression of smooth muscle differentiation marker genes, in concert with serum response factor (SRF) and cofactors, such as myocardin. Stretch of intact venous smooth muscle activates Rho and inhibits the actin filament severing factor cofilin, resulting in increased actin polymerization. Concomitantly, the rates of synthesis of SRF-regulated differentiation markers, such as SM22alpha, calponin, and alpha-actin, are increased. This increase in differentiation signals is parallel with activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Thus stretch-induced growth in a maintained contractile phenotype occurs by dual activation of signal pathways regulating both growth and differentiation. A current challenge is to identify sites of crosstalk between these pathways in intact smooth muscle tissue.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it