Early voluntary exercise does not promote healing in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mechanical stress is an important modulator of connective tissue repair. However, the effects on tendon healing are very poorly defined, preventing optimal use of mechanical stress. We hypothesized that early voluntary exercise initially retards tendon repair but results in a faster recovery rate at longer term. Male Wistar rats were injured by a collagenase injection in the Achilles tendon, and exercise was voluntarily performed on a running wheel. We observed the persistent presence of neutrophils in injured tendons of rats that began exercise immediately after the trauma [injured + early exercise (Inj+EEx)]. Early exercise also increased the concentration of ED1(+) macrophages in injured tendons after 3 and 7 days compared with ambulatory injured rats (Inj). Similar results were obtained with the subset of ED2(+) macrophages in the tendon core 3 days after the collagenase injection. Furthermore, collagen content returned to normal values more rapidly in the Inj+EEx tendons than in the Inj group, but this was not associated with an increase in cell proliferation. Surprisingly, Inj+EEx tendons roughly displayed lower stiffness and force at rupture point relative to Inj tendons at day 28. Injured tendons of rats that began exercise only from day 7 had better mechanical properties than those of early-exercised rats 28 days postinjury. We speculate that the persistence of the inflammatory response and undue mechanical loading in the Inj+EEx tendons led to fibrosis and a loss of tendon function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".