Ionic carbamate photoacid/photobase generators for the advancement of dual-tone photolithography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current work in lithographic patterning has been carried out using 193 nm excitation sources, limiting the pitch division to approximately λ/2 and, thus, the advancement of Moore's law. Recently, double patterning has emerged as a potential extension of 193 nm techniques as two lines can be patterned in one exposure. In this contribution, the double patterning features of single component carbamate photoacid/photobase generators (PAG/PBG) are examined. At lower exposure doses, sulfonic acid is generated, while at higher doses, a photochemical rearrangement is initiated to activate the PBG. Optimally, at intermediate doses, photoacid and photobase components can exist concurrently resulting in the desired dual tone lithographic features. The energy required to initiate dual tone behavior can be tailored through co-added amine quenchers and carbamate concentration. Using ellipsometry, the energy required for the resists to have the first sign of photoacid generation (film dissolution), E<sub>0</sub>, and at the energy required for photobase activation (E<sub>n</sub>) were determined, as this value dictates the ability to achieve the desired pitch division.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".