In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Observation of TiN Grown by N-Implantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nitrogen ions (N 2 + ) with 62 keV were implanted into evaporated-Ti films in the 400 kV analytical and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with ion accelerators at JAERI-Takasaki. Observations by in-situ TEM equipped with electron energy loss spectroscopy, along with the discrete variational X α molecular orbital calculations, revealed changes in the crystallographic and electronic structures of evaporated-Ti films due to N-implantation. A (001)-oriented NaCl-type TiN y is epitaxially formed by the transformation of (03·5)-oriented hcp-Ti to (001)-oriented fcc-Ti and by the occupation of N in the octahedral (O-) sites, whereas a (110)-oriented TiN y is formed by nitriding a (110)-oriented TiH x . The release of H from the TiH x occurs preferentially rather than the occupation of N in the O-sites of fcc-Ti sublattice. The loss peak due to volume plasmon of areas where TiH x has grown in the as-grown Ti film shifts to lower loss energy in the early N-implanting stage, while that of areas, where hcp-Ti has grown, gradually shifts to higher loss energies with increasing N dose. Analysis of Mulliken bond overlap populations determines that occupation of N in the O-sites gives rise to weakening Ti-Ti bonds and formation of Ti-N covalent bonds. The growth process of TiN y accompanied by changes of the crystallographic and electronic structures of Ti films due to N-implantation is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".