Particle Shape, Density, and Size Effects on the Distribution of Phase Holdups in an LSCFB Riser
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) as a non‐invasive technique based on conductivity measurement of the continuous phase was employed for the study of phase holdup in a liquid‐solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB). Local solid holdup was also measured by an optical fibre probe and pressure transducers to compare and verify the results obtained by ERT. Good agreement was observed among the three methods. Tap water was used as the continuous and conductive phase and glass beads (spherical shape) and lava rocks (irregular shape) of two different sizes were used as the solid and non‐conductive phase. Radial non‐uniformities of solid holdups were observed for all four types of particles under different superficial liquid velocities in different axial locations. The solid holdup was higher in regions close to the wall and low in the central region. Non‐uniformity in the phase holdup decreased with increasing liquid velocity. The axial flow profile was found uniform along axial locations of the riser except at the lower location closer to the distributor zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".