Energy and Capacity Projections for Practical Dual-Graphite Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anion intercalation in graphite was investigated in the preceding paper. It was shown that about 140 mAh/g, corresponding to stage‐two' , of charge could be stored at potentials near 5 V vs. Li. Dual‐graphite cells, where Li intercalates into the negative electrode and into the positive electrode, are therefore possible, as has been demonstrated before by others. Unlike a Li‐ion cell, where the amount of electrolyte in the cell can be minimized to obtain high energy density, in a dual‐graphite cell there must be enough electrolyte present to provide the ions needed during the charging of the cell. This leads to a strategy in cell design that differs from the Li‐ion case, in that electrolytes with high salt concentration are crucial if high energy density is to be obtained. Here, the specific capacity, specific energy, volumetric capacity, and energy density of practical dual‐graphite cells are predicted. The calculations focus on the effect of the maximum salt concentration difference in the electrolyte between the fully discharged and fully charged states. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".