An Umbrella just for Two? BIT Obligations Observance Clauses and the Parties to a Contract
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Journal Article An Umbrella just for Two? BIT Obligations Observance Clauses and the Parties to a Contract Get access Nick Gallus Nick Gallus * Nick Gallus is a lecturer in international trade and investment law at Queens University, Canada, and an Associate at Appleton & Associates, which specialises in BIT arbitration. Appleton & Associates is involved in an arbitration in which one of the issues addressed in this note could be important. However, the views expressed in this note are the author's and are not necessarily the views of Appleton & Associates or its clients. Mr Gallus would like to thank Stephan Schill, André von Walter, Nwamaka Okany, Jörn Griebel, Moritz Wagner, Uju Ezejiofor and Thomas Waelde for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Arbitration International, Volume 24, Issue 1, 1 March 2008, Pages 157–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/24.1.157 Published: 25 August 2014
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it