Spirometric Assessment of Pulmonary Function in Road-side Vendors: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although much is known about the chronic effects of air pollution on pulmonary function, short-term changes in response to pollution levels over days, weeks and months have been less well documented. Such investigation requires field studies using portable equipment. Therefore, we studied forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and peak expiratory flow rate using a conventional hand-held spirometer, in a sample of Hong Kong roadside vendors (n = 21; age, 48.7 ± 13.4 yr) across 2 days (n = 14), 4 weeks (n = 10), and 3 months (n = 7). In addition, exhaled carbon monoxide was measured, and percent carboxyhemoglobin derived. There was no difference in pulmonary function between a weekday and the weekend. Only FVC decreased over 4 weeks and 3 months compared with initial testing, but this was not associated with pollution level. Our results support that the technology of hand-held spirometry needs to be advanced to detect potential short-term changes in the real world context, in pulmonary function including small airway reactivity and airway closure. Future generations of this technology need to provide the capacity for more detailed spirometry suitable for field studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".