Physiological characterization of the dandelion bioherbicide, <i>Sclerotinia minor</i> IMI 344141
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fungus Sclerotinia minor (IMI 344141) is being developed as a biological control for dandelion and other broadleaf weeds in turfgrass environments. Being a microbial pest control agent (MPCA), the S. minor strain must be characterized to show relatedness to like organisms and to distinguish the MPCA from related microorganisms. Phenotypic variation among 30 isolates of S. minor, collected from different regions and hosts, was studied on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oatmeal agar (OMA). Isolates varied significantly in sclerotia shape (length/width ratio) and number, but did not vary in colony morphology or growth rates. There was high diversity (0.6) among the mycelial compatibility groups (MCG) as seven multi-member and 11 single member groups were recognized. Isolates were categorized into highly virulent, virulent, moderately virulent, and hypo virulent based on 48 h post mycelial growth on detached dandelion leaves. When assessed on dandelion plants in the greenhouse, isolate IMI 344141 ranked the highest in biocontrol efficacy, reduction of above- and below-ground biomass, and reduction in dandelion survival. Oxalic acid production was not correlated with isolate aggressiveness or growth rate and did not vary among isolates of the same MCG. IMI 344141 can be phenotypically distinguished from the other tested S. minor isolates by performing vegetative compatibility testing and counting sclerotia produced on standard 9-cm diameter PDA plates. IMI 344141 produces <100 sclerotia/plate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".