Volatile Organic Chemical Mass Transfer in an External Loop Airlift Bioreactor with a Packed Bed
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A stainless steel mesh packing with 99.0% porosity was installed in the riser section of an external loop airlift bioreactor (ELAB) to develop a new bioreactor that is a combination of a traditional ELAB and a packed-bed bioreactor. The gas holdup and mass-transfer rates of three volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) were studied in this ELAB, both with and without the packing. When the packing was used, the overall volumetric mass-transfer coefficient increased to values of 0.005 and 0.004 s -1, an average increase of 65.1% and 33.4% for toluene and benzene, respectively. The packing increased gas holdup and decreased bubble size in the bioreactor, both contributing to the improvements in the mass-transfer rates. A difference was observed between absorption and desorption rates of VOCs, which was explained by the change in gas bubble sizes in the presence of VOCs. A dynamic spatial model was used to predict the transient concentration distribution in the ELAB with and without a packed bed. The mass-transfer coefficient was determined as a best-fit parameter of the model. This dynamic model was compared to simulations of the ELAB as a completely stirred reactor, and the dynamic spatial model demonstrated greater accuracy for prediction of the mass-transfer rates at all operating conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".