Examining the Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines psychometric properties and factor structure of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (nonmotor) (TVPS), a measure developed to assess children with school-related learning difficulties. Following a descriptive retrospective study design, clinic record data were compiled for a convenience sample of 294 children. While measure use was generally supported, findings indicate areas wherein the measure lacks psychometric soundness. Item analysis using point biserial correlations showed a low relationship between some items and subscale scores. Coefficient alpha showed acceptable internal consistency for group totals by subscale but only 3 of 7 by age group. Correlations between TVPS scores and criterion variables followed the pattern expected of a measure of visual perception. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support use of a unitary TVPS PQ score. Exploratory factor analysis supported some, albeit not all of the subscales, as measuring distinct visual-perceptual skills.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".