Stakeholder and Policy Maker Perception of Key Issues in Food Systems Planning and Policy Making
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research findings have suggested a vital need to understand the food environment: the pervasiveness of unhealthy food exacerbates social inequalities; malnutrition contributes to obesity, heart disease, and diabetes; and planners and policy makers have historically been absent from the food system. Little research has shown how food system actors vary in their individual understandings of these and other general truths. The lack of understanding or misunderstanding of key issues can lead to ineffective policy formulation or efforts toward solving the wrong problem.To determine opinions on food system issues and to uncover dissonance between research and practice, a survey was administered to stakeholders from various sectors of the food system across North America. Significant differences existed regarding problems and solutions, suggesting challenges for food system actors. These varying opinions illustrate the need to conduct and disseminate empirical research on the food system to encourage evidence-based decision making.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.072 | 0.067 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".