A diabetes mellitus in the First Nations population of British Columbia, Canada. Part 1. Mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe mortality from diabetes mellitus or related diseases among residents of the province of British Columbia, Canada during the 6-year period 1991-1996, comparing the First Nations population (people with Indian Status) to the population of BC who are not Status Indian. STUDY DESIGN: A data base of all deaths during the 6-year period was created for this purpose. The number of deaths were tabulated using the 3-digit ICD-9 code for diabetes mellitus or a related disease, when they were recorded as the Underlying Cause of Death. Indirect standardization was used to adjust for age and gender differences between the two populations. RESULTS: For diabetes, Status Indian males had a Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) of 1.5 compared to other BC males (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 2.6). Status Indian females had an SMR of 2.2 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.5). Age-specific rates of death from diabetes were higher among Status Indian persons, for males aged 50 to 84 and females aged 45 to 84 years. Status Indian persons also Experienced higher mortality from cardiovascular and renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: In British Columbia, death from diabetes mellitus or a related disease was more common among First Nations people than in the rest of the population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".